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Biometric.md

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+# Biometric Attendance System in Health Sector of Bangladesh
+
+## Background
+
+In remote areas of Bangladesh, absenteeism among health service providers at hospitals and health centers was a significant issue. This challenge is common not only in Bangladesh but also in many other countries. To address this, the Management Information System (MIS) under the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) introduced biometric time-attendance systems to track office attendance of government health staff at workplaces.
+
+## Implementation of Biometric Attendance System
+
+### Phase 1: Fingerprint Biometric Machines
+- **Installation Timeline:** 
+  - Introduced in 2012 and gradually expanded.
+  - Covered all Upazila Health Complexes (UHCs) and District Hospitals (DHs) in phases.
+- **Technical Details:**
+  - Low-cost fingerprint biometric devices.
+  - Each device can store up to 30,000 touch encounters.
+- **Operational Mechanism:**
+  - Staff fingerprints are registered during installation.
+  - Daily attendance is recorded through touch-based fingerprint scanning.
+  - Attendance data is captured by a central server at MIS-DGHS whenever local computers are connected to the Internet.
+  - Web-based attendance reports can be accessed remotely.
+
+### Performance Metrics
+- **Statistics:**
+  - In 2015: 423 active devices with 38.21% attendance.
+  - In 2016: 457 active devices with 51.05% attendance.
+  - In 2017: 476 active devices with 74.59% attendance.
+- **Impact:**
+  - Attendance rates increased by 36.38% from 2013 to 2017.
+- **Pre-COVID-19 Period (Till August-September 2023):**
+  - Attendance rate reached 92% with data from 600 active devices.
+
+### Impact of COVID-19
+- **Pandemic Disruption:** 
+  - Biometric attendance machines were shut down from 2019 to 2021.
+
+### Phase 2: Face Recognition System
+- **Introduction:** 
+  - Implemented from September 2023.
+- **Upgrades:**
+  - Face recognition technology replaced fingerprint systems.
+  - Devices are now required to remain online, connecting directly to the central MIS-DGHS server.
+  - Attendance confirmation is based on face recognition linked to the HRM ID of employees.
+  - Face ID registration occurs once per organization, and updates (e.g., transfers) are synchronized automatically.
+- **Features:**
+  - Supports outsourced employees and simplifies processes for reporting, leave management, scheduling, and activation/inactivation.
+  - Centralized server manages real-time data and reporting.
+
+## Coverage
+As of the latest update, the attendance system connects:
+- **Institutions:**
+  - Divisional Health Offices: 8
+  - Sadar Upazila Health Offices: 60
+  - District Health Offices: 63
+  - Chest Hospitals: 11
+  - Chest Clinics: 41
+  - Former UHCs, Sadar/District Hospitals, Specialized Hospitals, Medical Colleges, and Medical College Hospitals.
+- **Total Coverage:** 787 institutions.
+
+## Current Status
+The upgraded system has enhanced operational efficiency and attendance monitoring in government health facilities across the country. Regular attendance data is now being received from all connected institutions, ensuring better accountability and service delivery.
+
+---
+
+This article provides an overview of the biometric attendance system implemented by MIS-DGHS to improve attendance tracking in the health sector of Bangladesh. For further queries, please contact the MIS-DGHS support team.