transformers/examples/run_tf_ner.py

# coding=utf-8
import collections
import datetime
import glob
import math
import os
import re

import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from absl import app, flags, logging
from fastprogress import master_bar, progress_bar
from seqeval import metrics

from transformers import (
    TF2_WEIGHTS_NAME,
    BertConfig,
    BertTokenizer,
    DistilBertConfig,
    DistilBertTokenizer,
    GradientAccumulator,
    RobertaConfig,
    RobertaTokenizer,
    TFBertForTokenClassification,
    TFDistilBertForTokenClassification,
    TFRobertaForTokenClassification,
    create_optimizer,
)
from utils_ner import convert_examples_to_features, get_labels, read_examples_from_file


ALL_MODELS = sum(
    (tuple(conf.pretrained_config_archive_map.keys()) for conf in (BertConfig, RobertaConfig, DistilBertConfig)), ()
)

MODEL_CLASSES = {
    "bert": (BertConfig, TFBertForTokenClassification, BertTokenizer),
    "roberta": (RobertaConfig, TFRobertaForTokenClassification, RobertaTokenizer),
    "distilbert": (DistilBertConfig, TFDistilBertForTokenClassification, DistilBertTokenizer),
}


flags.DEFINE_string(
    "data_dir", None, "The input data dir. Should contain the .conll files (or other data files) " "for the task."
)

flags.DEFINE_string("model_type", None, "Model type selected in the list: " + ", ".join(MODEL_CLASSES.keys()))

flags.DEFINE_string(
    "model_name_or_path",
    None,
    "Path to pre-trained model or shortcut name selected in the list: " + ", ".join(ALL_MODELS),
)

flags.DEFINE_string("output_dir", None, "The output directory where the model checkpoints will be written.")

flags.DEFINE_string(
    "labels", "", "Path to a file containing all labels. If not specified, CoNLL-2003 labels are used."
)

flags.DEFINE_string("config_name", "", "Pretrained config name or path if not the same as model_name")

flags.DEFINE_string("tokenizer_name", "", "Pretrained tokenizer name or path if not the same as model_name")

flags.DEFINE_string("cache_dir", "", "Where do you want to store the pre-trained models downloaded from s3")

flags.DEFINE_integer(
    "max_seq_length",
    128,
    "The maximum total input sentence length after tokenization. "
    "Sequences longer than this will be truncated, sequences shorter "
    "will be padded.",
)

flags.DEFINE_string(
    "tpu",
    None,
    "The Cloud TPU to use for training. This should be either the name "
    "used when creating the Cloud TPU, or a grpc://ip.address.of.tpu:8470 "
    "url.",
)

flags.DEFINE_integer("num_tpu_cores", 8, "Total number of TPU cores to use.")

flags.DEFINE_boolean("do_train", False, "Whether to run training.")

flags.DEFINE_boolean("do_eval", False, "Whether to run eval on the dev set.")

flags.DEFINE_boolean("do_predict", False, "Whether to run predictions on the test set.")

flags.DEFINE_boolean(
    "evaluate_during_training", False, "Whether to run evaluation during training at each logging step."
)

flags.DEFINE_boolean("do_lower_case", False, "Set this flag if you are using an uncased model.")

flags.DEFINE_integer("per_device_train_batch_size", 8, "Batch size per GPU/CPU/TPU for training.")

flags.DEFINE_integer("per_device_eval_batch_size", 8, "Batch size per GPU/CPU/TPU for evaluation.")

flags.DEFINE_integer(
    "gradient_accumulation_steps", 1, "Number of updates steps to accumulate before performing a backward/update pass."
)

flags.DEFINE_float("learning_rate", 5e-5, "The initial learning rate for Adam.")

flags.DEFINE_float("weight_decay", 0.0, "Weight decay if we apply some.")

flags.DEFINE_float("adam_epsilon", 1e-8, "Epsilon for Adam optimizer.")

flags.DEFINE_float("max_grad_norm", 1.0, "Max gradient norm.")

flags.DEFINE_integer("num_train_epochs", 3, "Total number of training epochs to perform.")

flags.DEFINE_integer(
    "max_steps", -1, "If > 0: set total number of training steps to perform. Override num_train_epochs."
)

flags.DEFINE_integer("warmup_steps", 0, "Linear warmup over warmup_steps.")

flags.DEFINE_integer("logging_steps", 50, "Log every X updates steps.")

flags.DEFINE_integer("save_steps", 50, "Save checkpoint every X updates steps.")

flags.DEFINE_boolean(
    "eval_all_checkpoints",
    False,
    "Evaluate all checkpoints starting with the same prefix as model_name ending and ending with step number",
)

flags.DEFINE_boolean("no_cuda", False, "Avoid using CUDA when available")

flags.DEFINE_boolean("overwrite_output_dir", False, "Overwrite the content of the output directory")

flags.DEFINE_boolean("overwrite_cache", False, "Overwrite the cached training and evaluation sets")

flags.DEFINE_integer("seed", 42, "random seed for initialization")

flags.DEFINE_boolean("fp16", False, "Whether to use 16-bit (mixed) precision instead of 32-bit")

flags.DEFINE_string(
    "gpus",
    "0",
    "Comma separated list of gpus devices. If only one, switch to single "
    "gpu strategy, if None takes all the gpus available.",
)


def train(
    args, strategy, train_dataset, tokenizer, model, num_train_examples, labels, train_batch_size, pad_token_label_id
):
    if args["max_steps"] > 0:
        num_train_steps = args["max_steps"] * args["gradient_accumulation_steps"]
        args["num_train_epochs"] = 1
    else:
        num_train_steps = (
            math.ceil(num_train_examples / train_batch_size)
            // args["gradient_accumulation_steps"]
            * args["num_train_epochs"]
        )

    writer = tf.summary.create_file_writer("/tmp/mylogs")

    with strategy.scope():
        loss_fct = tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(reduction=tf.keras.losses.Reduction.NONE)
        optimizer = create_optimizer(args["learning_rate"], num_train_steps, args["warmup_steps"])

        if args["fp16"]:
            optimizer = tf.keras.mixed_precision.experimental.LossScaleOptimizer(optimizer, "dynamic")

        loss_metric = tf.keras.metrics.Mean(name="loss", dtype=tf.float32)
        gradient_accumulator = GradientAccumulator()

    logging.info("***** Running training *****")
    logging.info("  Num examples = %d", num_train_examples)
    logging.info("  Num Epochs = %d", args["num_train_epochs"])
    logging.info("  Instantaneous batch size per device = %d", args["per_device_train_batch_size"])
    logging.info(
        "  Total train batch size (w. parallel, distributed & accumulation) = %d",
        train_batch_size * args["gradient_accumulation_steps"],
    )
    logging.info("  Gradient Accumulation steps = %d", args["gradient_accumulation_steps"])
    logging.info("  Total training steps = %d", num_train_steps)

    model.summary()

    @tf.function
    def apply_gradients():
        grads_and_vars = []

        for gradient, variable in zip(gradient_accumulator.gradients, model.trainable_variables):
            if gradient is not None:
                scaled_gradient = gradient / (args["n_device"] * args["gradient_accumulation_steps"])
                grads_and_vars.append((scaled_gradient, variable))
            else:
                grads_and_vars.append((gradient, variable))

        optimizer.apply_gradients(grads_and_vars, args["max_grad_norm"])
        gradient_accumulator.reset()

    @tf.function
    def train_step(train_features, train_labels):
        def step_fn(train_features, train_labels):
            inputs = {"attention_mask": train_features["input_mask"], "training": True}

            if args["model_type"] != "distilbert":
                inputs["token_type_ids"] = (
                    train_features["segment_ids"] if args["model_type"] in ["bert", "xlnet"] else None
                )

            with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
                logits = model(train_features["input_ids"], **inputs)[0]
                logits = tf.reshape(logits, (-1, len(labels) + 1))
                active_loss = tf.reshape(train_features["input_mask"], (-1,))
                active_logits = tf.boolean_mask(logits, active_loss)
                train_labels = tf.reshape(train_labels, (-1,))
                active_labels = tf.boolean_mask(train_labels, active_loss)
                cross_entropy = loss_fct(active_labels, active_logits)
                loss = tf.reduce_sum(cross_entropy) * (1.0 / train_batch_size)
                grads = tape.gradient(loss, model.trainable_variables)

                gradient_accumulator(grads)

            return cross_entropy

        per_example_losses = strategy.experimental_run_v2(step_fn, args=(train_features, train_labels))
        mean_loss = strategy.reduce(tf.distribute.ReduceOp.MEAN, per_example_losses, axis=0)

        return mean_loss

    current_time = datetime.datetime.now()
    train_iterator = master_bar(range(args["num_train_epochs"]))
    global_step = 0
    logging_loss = 0.0

    for epoch in train_iterator:
        epoch_iterator = progress_bar(
            train_dataset, total=num_train_steps, parent=train_iterator, display=args["n_device"] > 1
        )
        step = 1

        with strategy.scope():
            for train_features, train_labels in epoch_iterator:
                loss = train_step(train_features, train_labels)

                if step % args["gradient_accumulation_steps"] == 0:
                    strategy.experimental_run_v2(apply_gradients)

                    loss_metric(loss)

                    global_step += 1

                    if args["logging_steps"] > 0 and global_step % args["logging_steps"] == 0:
                        # Log metrics
                        if (
                            args["n_device"] == 1 and args["evaluate_during_training"]
                        ):  # Only evaluate when single GPU otherwise metrics may not average well
                            y_true, y_pred, eval_loss = evaluate(
                                args, strategy, model, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id, mode="dev"
                            )
                            report = metrics.classification_report(y_true, y_pred, digits=4)

                            logging.info("Eval at step " + str(global_step) + "\n" + report)
                            logging.info("eval_loss: " + str(eval_loss))

                            precision = metrics.precision_score(y_true, y_pred)
                            recall = metrics.recall_score(y_true, y_pred)
                            f1 = metrics.f1_score(y_true, y_pred)

                            with writer.as_default():
                                tf.summary.scalar("eval_loss", eval_loss, global_step)
                                tf.summary.scalar("precision", precision, global_step)
                                tf.summary.scalar("recall", recall, global_step)
                                tf.summary.scalar("f1", f1, global_step)

                        lr = optimizer.learning_rate
                        learning_rate = lr(step)

                        with writer.as_default():
                            tf.summary.scalar("lr", learning_rate, global_step)
                            tf.summary.scalar(
                                "loss", (loss_metric.result() - logging_loss) / args["logging_steps"], global_step
                            )

                        logging_loss = loss_metric.result()

                    with writer.as_default():
                        tf.summary.scalar("loss", loss_metric.result(), step=step)

                    if args["save_steps"] > 0 and global_step % args["save_steps"] == 0:
                        # Save model checkpoint
                        output_dir = os.path.join(args["output_dir"], "checkpoint-{}".format(global_step))

                        if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
                            os.makedirs(output_dir)

                        model.save_pretrained(output_dir)
                        logging.info("Saving model checkpoint to %s", output_dir)

                train_iterator.child.comment = f"loss : {loss_metric.result()}"
                step += 1

        train_iterator.write(f"loss epoch {epoch + 1}: {loss_metric.result()}")

        loss_metric.reset_states()

    logging.info("  Training took time = {}".format(datetime.datetime.now() - current_time))


def evaluate(args, strategy, model, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id, mode):
    eval_batch_size = args["per_device_eval_batch_size"] * args["n_device"]
    eval_dataset, size = load_and_cache_examples(
        args, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id, eval_batch_size, mode=mode
    )
    eval_dataset = strategy.experimental_distribute_dataset(eval_dataset)
    preds = None
    num_eval_steps = math.ceil(size / eval_batch_size)
    master = master_bar(range(1))
    eval_iterator = progress_bar(eval_dataset, total=num_eval_steps, parent=master, display=args["n_device"] > 1)
    loss_fct = tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(reduction=tf.keras.losses.Reduction.NONE)
    loss = 0.0

    logging.info("***** Running evaluation *****")
    logging.info("  Num examples = %d", size)
    logging.info("  Batch size = %d", eval_batch_size)

    for eval_features, eval_labels in eval_iterator:
        inputs = {"attention_mask": eval_features["input_mask"], "training": False}

        if args["model_type"] != "distilbert":
            inputs["token_type_ids"] = (
                eval_features["segment_ids"] if args["model_type"] in ["bert", "xlnet"] else None
            )

        with strategy.scope():
            logits = model(eval_features["input_ids"], **inputs)[0]
            tmp_logits = tf.reshape(logits, (-1, len(labels) + 1))
            active_loss = tf.reshape(eval_features["input_mask"], (-1,))
            active_logits = tf.boolean_mask(tmp_logits, active_loss)
            tmp_eval_labels = tf.reshape(eval_labels, (-1,))
            active_labels = tf.boolean_mask(tmp_eval_labels, active_loss)
            cross_entropy = loss_fct(active_labels, active_logits)
            loss += tf.reduce_sum(cross_entropy) * (1.0 / eval_batch_size)

        if preds is None:
            preds = logits.numpy()
            label_ids = eval_labels.numpy()
        else:
            preds = np.append(preds, logits.numpy(), axis=0)
            label_ids = np.append(label_ids, eval_labels.numpy(), axis=0)

    preds = np.argmax(preds, axis=2)
    y_pred = [[] for _ in range(label_ids.shape[0])]
    y_true = [[] for _ in range(label_ids.shape[0])]
    loss = loss / num_eval_steps

    for i in range(label_ids.shape[0]):
        for j in range(label_ids.shape[1]):
            if label_ids[i, j] != pad_token_label_id:
                y_pred[i].append(labels[preds[i, j] - 1])
                y_true[i].append(labels[label_ids[i, j] - 1])

    return y_true, y_pred, loss.numpy()


def load_cache(cached_file, max_seq_length):
    name_to_features = {
        "input_ids": tf.io.FixedLenFeature([max_seq_length], tf.int64),
        "input_mask": tf.io.FixedLenFeature([max_seq_length], tf.int64),
        "segment_ids": tf.io.FixedLenFeature([max_seq_length], tf.int64),
        "label_ids": tf.io.FixedLenFeature([max_seq_length], tf.int64),
    }

    def _decode_record(record):
        example = tf.io.parse_single_example(record, name_to_features)
        features = {}
        features["input_ids"] = example["input_ids"]
        features["input_mask"] = example["input_mask"]
        features["segment_ids"] = example["segment_ids"]

        return features, example["label_ids"]

    d = tf.data.TFRecordDataset(cached_file)
    d = d.map(_decode_record, num_parallel_calls=4)
    count = d.reduce(0, lambda x, _: x + 1)

    return d, count.numpy()


def save_cache(features, cached_features_file):
    writer = tf.io.TFRecordWriter(cached_features_file)

    for (ex_index, feature) in enumerate(features):
        if ex_index % 5000 == 0:
            logging.info("Writing example %d of %d" % (ex_index, len(features)))

        def create_int_feature(values):
            f = tf.train.Feature(int64_list=tf.train.Int64List(value=list(values)))
            return f

        record_feature = collections.OrderedDict()
        record_feature["input_ids"] = create_int_feature(feature.input_ids)
        record_feature["input_mask"] = create_int_feature(feature.input_mask)
        record_feature["segment_ids"] = create_int_feature(feature.segment_ids)
        record_feature["label_ids"] = create_int_feature(feature.label_ids)

        tf_example = tf.train.Example(features=tf.train.Features(feature=record_feature))

        writer.write(tf_example.SerializeToString())

    writer.close()


def load_and_cache_examples(args, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id, batch_size, mode):
    drop_remainder = True if args["tpu"] or mode == "train" else False

    # Load data features from cache or dataset file
    cached_features_file = os.path.join(
        args["data_dir"],
        "cached_{}_{}_{}.tf_record".format(
            mode, list(filter(None, args["model_name_or_path"].split("/"))).pop(), str(args["max_seq_length"])
        ),
    )
    if os.path.exists(cached_features_file) and not args["overwrite_cache"]:
        logging.info("Loading features from cached file %s", cached_features_file)
        dataset, size = load_cache(cached_features_file, args["max_seq_length"])
    else:
        logging.info("Creating features from dataset file at %s", args["data_dir"])
        examples = read_examples_from_file(args["data_dir"], mode)
        features = convert_examples_to_features(
            examples,
            labels,
            args["max_seq_length"],
            tokenizer,
            cls_token_at_end=bool(args["model_type"] in ["xlnet"]),
            # xlnet has a cls token at the end
            cls_token=tokenizer.cls_token,
            cls_token_segment_id=2 if args["model_type"] in ["xlnet"] else 0,
            sep_token=tokenizer.sep_token,
            sep_token_extra=bool(args["model_type"] in ["roberta"]),
            # roberta uses an extra separator b/w pairs of sentences, cf. github.com/pytorch/fairseq/commit/1684e166e3da03f5b600dbb7855cb98ddfcd0805
            pad_on_left=bool(args["model_type"] in ["xlnet"]),
            # pad on the left for xlnet
            pad_token=tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids([tokenizer.pad_token])[0],
            pad_token_segment_id=4 if args["model_type"] in ["xlnet"] else 0,
            pad_token_label_id=pad_token_label_id,
        )
        logging.info("Saving features into cached file %s", cached_features_file)
        save_cache(features, cached_features_file)
        dataset, size = load_cache(cached_features_file, args["max_seq_length"])

    if mode == "train":
        dataset = dataset.repeat()
        dataset = dataset.shuffle(buffer_size=8192, seed=args["seed"])

    dataset = dataset.batch(batch_size, drop_remainder)
    dataset = dataset.prefetch(buffer_size=batch_size)

    return dataset, size


def main(_):
    logging.set_verbosity(logging.INFO)
    args = flags.FLAGS.flag_values_dict()

    if (
        os.path.exists(args["output_dir"])
        and os.listdir(args["output_dir"])
        and args["do_train"]
        and not args["overwrite_output_dir"]
    ):
        raise ValueError(
            "Output directory ({}) already exists and is not empty. Use --overwrite_output_dir to overcome.".format(
                args["output_dir"]
            )
        )

    if args["fp16"]:
        tf.config.optimizer.set_experimental_options({"auto_mixed_precision": True})

    if args["tpu"]:
        resolver = tf.distribute.cluster_resolver.TPUClusterResolver(tpu=args["tpu"])
        tf.config.experimental_connect_to_cluster(resolver)
        tf.tpu.experimental.initialize_tpu_system(resolver)
        strategy = tf.distribute.experimental.TPUStrategy(resolver)
        args["n_device"] = args["num_tpu_cores"]
    elif len(args["gpus"].split(",")) > 1:
        args["n_device"] = len([f"/gpu:{gpu}" for gpu in args["gpus"].split(",")])
        strategy = tf.distribute.MirroredStrategy(devices=[f"/gpu:{gpu}" for gpu in args["gpus"].split(",")])
    elif args["no_cuda"]:
        args["n_device"] = 1
        strategy = tf.distribute.OneDeviceStrategy(device="/cpu:0")
    else:
        args["n_device"] = len(args["gpus"].split(","))
        strategy = tf.distribute.OneDeviceStrategy(device="/gpu:" + args["gpus"].split(",")[0])

    logging.warning(
        "n_device: %s, distributed training: %s, 16-bits training: %s",
        args["n_device"],
        bool(args["n_device"] > 1),
        args["fp16"],
    )

    labels = get_labels(args["labels"])
    num_labels = len(labels) + 1
    pad_token_label_id = 0
    config_class, model_class, tokenizer_class = MODEL_CLASSES[args["model_type"]]
    config = config_class.from_pretrained(
        args["config_name"] if args["config_name"] else args["model_name_or_path"],
        num_labels=num_labels,
        cache_dir=args["cache_dir"] if args["cache_dir"] else None,
    )

    logging.info("Training/evaluation parameters %s", args)

    # Training
    if args["do_train"]:
        tokenizer = tokenizer_class.from_pretrained(
            args["tokenizer_name"] if args["tokenizer_name"] else args["model_name_or_path"],
            do_lower_case=args["do_lower_case"],
            cache_dir=args["cache_dir"] if args["cache_dir"] else None,
        )

        with strategy.scope():
            model = model_class.from_pretrained(
                args["model_name_or_path"],
                from_pt=bool(".bin" in args["model_name_or_path"]),
                config=config,
                cache_dir=args["cache_dir"] if args["cache_dir"] else None,
            )
            model.layers[-1].activation = tf.keras.activations.softmax

        train_batch_size = args["per_device_train_batch_size"] * args["n_device"]
        train_dataset, num_train_examples = load_and_cache_examples(
            args, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id, train_batch_size, mode="train"
        )
        train_dataset = strategy.experimental_distribute_dataset(train_dataset)
        train(
            args,
            strategy,
            train_dataset,
            tokenizer,
            model,
            num_train_examples,
            labels,
            train_batch_size,
            pad_token_label_id,
        )

        if not os.path.exists(args["output_dir"]):
            os.makedirs(args["output_dir"])

        logging.info("Saving model to %s", args["output_dir"])

        model.save_pretrained(args["output_dir"])
        tokenizer.save_pretrained(args["output_dir"])

    # Evaluation
    if args["do_eval"]:
        tokenizer = tokenizer_class.from_pretrained(args["output_dir"], do_lower_case=args["do_lower_case"])
        checkpoints = []
        results = []

        if args["eval_all_checkpoints"]:
            checkpoints = list(
                os.path.dirname(c)
                for c in sorted(
                    glob.glob(args["output_dir"] + "/**/" + TF2_WEIGHTS_NAME, recursive=True),
                    key=lambda f: int("".join(filter(str.isdigit, f)) or -1),
                )
            )

        logging.info("Evaluate the following checkpoints: %s", checkpoints)

        if len(checkpoints) == 0:
            checkpoints.append(args["output_dir"])

        for checkpoint in checkpoints:
            global_step = checkpoint.split("-")[-1] if re.match(".*checkpoint-[0-9]", checkpoint) else "final"

            with strategy.scope():
                model = model_class.from_pretrained(checkpoint)

            y_true, y_pred, eval_loss = evaluate(
                args, strategy, model, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id, mode="dev"
            )
            report = metrics.classification_report(y_true, y_pred, digits=4)

            if global_step:
                results.append({global_step + "_report": report, global_step + "_loss": eval_loss})

        output_eval_file = os.path.join(args["output_dir"], "eval_results.txt")

        with tf.io.gfile.GFile(output_eval_file, "w") as writer:
            for res in results:
                for key, val in res.items():
                    if "loss" in key:
                        logging.info(key + " = " + str(val))
                        writer.write(key + " = " + str(val))
                        writer.write("\n")
                    else:
                        logging.info(key)
                        logging.info("\n" + report)
                        writer.write(key + "\n")
                        writer.write(report)
                        writer.write("\n")

    if args["do_predict"]:
        tokenizer = tokenizer_class.from_pretrained(args["output_dir"], do_lower_case=args["do_lower_case"])
        model = model_class.from_pretrained(args["output_dir"])
        eval_batch_size = args["per_device_eval_batch_size"] * args["n_device"]
        predict_dataset, _ = load_and_cache_examples(
            args, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id, eval_batch_size, mode="test"
        )
        y_true, y_pred, pred_loss = evaluate(args, strategy, model, tokenizer, labels, pad_token_label_id, mode="test")
        output_test_results_file = os.path.join(args["output_dir"], "test_results.txt")
        output_test_predictions_file = os.path.join(args["output_dir"], "test_predictions.txt")
        report = metrics.classification_report(y_true, y_pred, digits=4)

        with tf.io.gfile.GFile(output_test_results_file, "w") as writer:
            report = metrics.classification_report(y_true, y_pred, digits=4)

            logging.info("\n" + report)

            writer.write(report)
            writer.write("\n\nloss = " + str(pred_loss))

        with tf.io.gfile.GFile(output_test_predictions_file, "w") as writer:
            with tf.io.gfile.GFile(os.path.join(args["data_dir"], "test.txt"), "r") as f:
                example_id = 0

                for line in f:
                    if line.startswith("-DOCSTART-") or line == "" or line == "\n":
                        writer.write(line)

                        if not y_pred[example_id]:
                            example_id += 1
                    elif y_pred[example_id]:
                        output_line = line.split()[0] + " " + y_pred[example_id].pop(0) + "\n"
                        writer.write(output_line)
                    else:
                        logging.warning("Maximum sequence length exceeded: No prediction for '%s'.", line.split()[0])


if __name__ == "__main__":
    flags.mark_flag_as_required("data_dir")
    flags.mark_flag_as_required("output_dir")
    flags.mark_flag_as_required("model_name_or_path")
    flags.mark_flag_as_required("model_type")
    app.run(main)