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# 모델 출력[[model-outputs]]

모든 모델에는 [`~utils.ModelOutput`]의 서브클래스의 인스턴스인 모델 출력이 있습니다. 이들은
모델에서 반환되는 모든 정보를 포함하는 데이터 구조이지만 튜플이나 딕셔너리로도 사용할 수 있습니다.

예제를 통해 살펴보겠습니다:

```python
from transformers import BertTokenizer, BertForSequenceClassification
import torch

tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")
model = BertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("google-bert/bert-base-uncased")

inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="pt")
labels = torch.tensor([1]).unsqueeze(0)  # 배치 크기 1
outputs = model(**inputs, labels=labels)
```

`outputs` 객체는 [`~modeling_outputs.SequenceClassifierOutput`]입니다.
아래 해당 클래스의 문서에서 볼 수 있듯이, `loss`(선택적), `logits`, `hidden_states`(선택적) 및 `attentions`(선택적) 항목이 있습니다. 여기에서는 `labels`를 전달했기 때문에 `loss`가 있지만 `hidden_states`와 `attentions`가 없는데, 이는 `output_hidden_states=True` 또는 `output_attentions=True`를 전달하지 않았기 때문입니다.

<Tip>

`output_hidden_states=True`를 전달할 때 `outputs.hidden_states[-1]`가 `outputs.last_hidden_state`와 정확히 일치할 것으로 예상할 수 있습니다.
하지만 항상 그런 것은 아닙니다. 일부 모델은 마지막 은닉 상태가 반환될 때 정규화를 적용하거나 다른 후속 프로세스를 적용합니다.

</Tip>


일반적으로 사용할 때와 동일하게 각 속성들에 접근할 수 있으며, 모델이 해당 속성을 반환하지 않은 경우 `None`이 반환됩니다. 예시에서는 `outputs.loss`는 모델에서 계산한 손실이고 `outputs.attentions`는 `None`입니다.

`outputs` 객체를 튜플로 간주할 때는 `None` 값이 없는 속성만 고려합니다. 
예시에서는 `loss`와 `logits`라는 두 개의 요소가 있습니다. 그러므로,

```python
outputs[:2]
```

는 `(outputs.loss, outputs.logits)` 튜플을 반환합니다.

`outputs` 객체를 딕셔너리로 간주할 때는 `None` 값이 없는 속성만 고려합니다.
예시에는 `loss`와 `logits`라는 두 개의 키가 있습니다.

여기서부터는 두 가지 이상의 모델 유형에서 사용되는 일반 모델 출력을 다룹니다. 구체적인 출력 유형은 해당 모델 페이지에 문서화되어 있습니다.

## ModelOutput[[transformers.utils.ModelOutput]]

[[autodoc]] utils.ModelOutput
    - to_tuple

## BaseModelOutput[[transformers.BaseModelOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutput

## BaseModelOutputWithPooling[[transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPooling]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPooling

## BaseModelOutputWithCrossAttentions[[transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithCrossAttentions]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithCrossAttentions

## BaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndCrossAttentions[[transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndCrossAttentions]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndCrossAttentions

## BaseModelOutputWithPast[[transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPast]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPast

## BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions[[transformers.modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.BaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions

## Seq2SeqModelOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.Seq2SeqModelOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.Seq2SeqModelOutput

## CausalLMOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutput

## CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions[[transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions

## CausalLMOutputWithPast[[transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithPast]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithPast

## MaskedLMOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.MaskedLMOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.MaskedLMOutput

## Seq2SeqLMOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.Seq2SeqLMOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.Seq2SeqLMOutput

## NextSentencePredictorOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.NextSentencePredictorOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.NextSentencePredictorOutput

## SequenceClassifierOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.SequenceClassifierOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.SequenceClassifierOutput

## Seq2SeqSequenceClassifierOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.Seq2SeqSequenceClassifierOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.Seq2SeqSequenceClassifierOutput

## MultipleChoiceModelOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.MultipleChoiceModelOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.MultipleChoiceModelOutput

## TokenClassifierOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.TokenClassifierOutput

## QuestionAnsweringModelOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.QuestionAnsweringModelOutput

## Seq2SeqQuestionAnsweringModelOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.Seq2SeqQuestionAnsweringModelOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.Seq2SeqQuestionAnsweringModelOutput

## Seq2SeqSpectrogramOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.Seq2SeqSpectrogramOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.Seq2SeqSpectrogramOutput

## SemanticSegmenterOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.SemanticSegmenterOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.SemanticSegmenterOutput

## ImageClassifierOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.ImageClassifierOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.ImageClassifierOutput

## ImageClassifierOutputWithNoAttention[[transformers.modeling_outputs.ImageClassifierOutputWithNoAttention]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.ImageClassifierOutputWithNoAttention

## DepthEstimatorOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.DepthEstimatorOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.DepthEstimatorOutput

## Wav2Vec2BaseModelOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.Wav2Vec2BaseModelOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.Wav2Vec2BaseModelOutput

## XVectorOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.XVectorOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.XVectorOutput

## Seq2SeqTSModelOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.Seq2SeqTSModelOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.Seq2SeqTSModelOutput

## Seq2SeqTSPredictionOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.Seq2SeqTSPredictionOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.Seq2SeqTSPredictionOutput

## SampleTSPredictionOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.SampleTSPredictionOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_outputs.SampleTSPredictionOutput

## TFBaseModelOutput[[transformers.modeling_outputs.TFBaseModelOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_tf_outputs.TFBaseModelOutput

## TFBaseModelOutputWithPooling[[transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFBaseModelOutputWithPooling]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_tf_outputs.TFBaseModelOutputWithPooling

## TFBaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndCrossAttentions[[transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFBaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndCrossAttentions]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_tf_outputs.TFBaseModelOutputWithPoolingAndCrossAttentions

## TFBaseModelOutputWithPast[[transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFBaseModelOutputWithPast]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_tf_outputs.TFBaseModelOutputWithPast

## TFBaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions[[transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFBaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_tf_outputs.TFBaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions

## TFSeq2SeqModelOutput[[transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFSeq2SeqModelOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_tf_outputs.TFSeq2SeqModelOutput

## TFCausalLMOutput[[transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFCausalLMOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_tf_outputs.TFCausalLMOutput

## TFCausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions[[transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFCausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_tf_outputs.TFCausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions

## TFCausalLMOutputWithPast[[transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFCausalLMOutputWithPast]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_tf_outputs.TFCausalLMOutputWithPast

## TFMaskedLMOutput[[transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFMaskedLMOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_tf_outputs.TFMaskedLMOutput

## TFSeq2SeqLMOutput[[transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFSeq2SeqLMOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_tf_outputs.TFSeq2SeqLMOutput

## TFNextSentencePredictorOutput[[transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFNextSentencePredictorOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_tf_outputs.TFNextSentencePredictorOutput

## TFSequenceClassifierOutput[[transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFSequenceClassifierOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_tf_outputs.TFSequenceClassifierOutput

## TFSeq2SeqSequenceClassifierOutput[[transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFSeq2SeqSequenceClassifierOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_tf_outputs.TFSeq2SeqSequenceClassifierOutput

## TFMultipleChoiceModelOutput[[transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFMultipleChoiceModelOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_tf_outputs.TFMultipleChoiceModelOutput

## TFTokenClassifierOutput[[transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFTokenClassifierOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_tf_outputs.TFTokenClassifierOutput

## TFQuestionAnsweringModelOutput[[transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFQuestionAnsweringModelOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_tf_outputs.TFQuestionAnsweringModelOutput

## TFSeq2SeqQuestionAnsweringModelOutput[[transformers.modeling_tf_outputs.TFSeq2SeqQuestionAnsweringModelOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_tf_outputs.TFSeq2SeqQuestionAnsweringModelOutput

## FlaxBaseModelOutput[[transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxBaseModelOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxBaseModelOutput

## FlaxBaseModelOutputWithPast[[transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxBaseModelOutputWithPast]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxBaseModelOutputWithPast

## FlaxBaseModelOutputWithPooling[[transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxBaseModelOutputWithPooling]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxBaseModelOutputWithPooling

## FlaxBaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions[[transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxBaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxBaseModelOutputWithPastAndCrossAttentions

## FlaxSeq2SeqModelOutput[[transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxSeq2SeqModelOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxSeq2SeqModelOutput

## FlaxCausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions[[transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxCausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxCausalLMOutputWithCrossAttentions

## FlaxMaskedLMOutput[[transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxMaskedLMOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxMaskedLMOutput

## FlaxSeq2SeqLMOutput[[transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxSeq2SeqLMOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxSeq2SeqLMOutput

## FlaxNextSentencePredictorOutput[[transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxNextSentencePredictorOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxNextSentencePredictorOutput

## FlaxSequenceClassifierOutput[[transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxSequenceClassifierOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxSequenceClassifierOutput

## FlaxSeq2SeqSequenceClassifierOutput[[transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxSeq2SeqSequenceClassifierOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxSeq2SeqSequenceClassifierOutput

## FlaxMultipleChoiceModelOutput[[transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxMultipleChoiceModelOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxMultipleChoiceModelOutput

## FlaxTokenClassifierOutput[[transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxTokenClassifierOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxTokenClassifierOutput

## FlaxQuestionAnsweringModelOutput[[transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxQuestionAnsweringModelOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxQuestionAnsweringModelOutput

## FlaxSeq2SeqQuestionAnsweringModelOutput[[transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxSeq2SeqQuestionAnsweringModelOutput]]

[[autodoc]] modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxSeq2SeqQuestionAnsweringModelOutput