diff --git a/Telemedicine.md b/Telemedicine.md index e69de29..6c57291 100644 --- a/Telemedicine.md +++ b/Telemedicine.md @@ -0,0 +1,350 @@ +**Telemedicine Services in Bangladesh (Government Facilities)** + +**Introduction & Background** + +- **Population & Context**: Bangladesh has a population of over 180 million, with many living in rural areas lacking robust healthcare infrastructure. +- **Telemedicine Emergence**: The Ministry of Health & Welfare (MoHFW) launched the telemedicine system in 2010 to bridge rural-urban healthcare gaps. +- **COVID-19 Impact**: The need for remote healthcare surged during the pandemic, accelerating the push for telemedicine solutions. + +**Current Status** + +- **Digital Health Transformation**: Telemedicine is a flagship initiative under Bangladesh’s broader “Digital Health” strategy. +- **Facilities & Deployment**: As of 2023, **232 Telemedicine Centers** are operational: + +**1\. 22 Centers as Both Providers and Receivers**: + +- 1. Nachol Upazila Health Complex (Chapai Nawabganj, Rajshahi) + 2. Kotalipara Upazila Health Complex (Gopalganj, Dhaka) + 3. Kashiani Upazila Health Complex (Gopalganj, Dhaka) + 4. Chaddagram Upazila Health Complex (Cumilla, Chittagong) + 5. Tanore Upazila Health Complex (Rajshahi, Rajshahi) + 6. Modhupur Upazila Health Complex (Tangail, Dhaka) + 7. Mithapukur Upazila Health Complex (Rangpur, Rangpur) + 8. Banshkhali Upazila Health Complex (Chittagong, Chittagong) + 9. Kazipur Upazila Health Complex (Sirajgonj, Rajshahi) + 10. Panchbibi Upazila Health Complex (Joypurhat, Rajshahi) + 11. Chakaria Upazila Health Complex (Cox's Bazar, Chittagong) + 12. Rajarhat Upazila Health Complex (Kurigram, Rangpur) + 13. Mongla Upazila Health Complex (Bagerhat, Khulna) + 14. Panchari Upazila Health Complex (Khagrachhari, Chattogram) + 15. Singair Upazila Health Complex (Manikganj, Dhaka) + 16. Chilmari Upazila Health Complex (Kurigram, Rangpur) + 17. Fenchuganj Upazila Health Complex (Sylhet, Sylhet) + 18. Kaunia Upazila Health Complex (Rangpur, Rangpur) + 19. Shibchar Upazila Health Complex (Madaripur, Dhaka) + 20. Haripur Upazila Health Complex (Thakurgaon, Rangpur) + 21. Subarnachar Upazila Health Complex (Noakhali, Chattogram) + 22. Nasirnagar Upazila Health Complex (Brahmanbaria, Chattogram) + +**2\. 194 Centers Exclusively as Recipients**: + +1. Adamdighi Upazila Health Complex,Bogura,Rajshahi +2. Ajmiriganj Upazila Health Complex,Habiganj,Sylhet +3. Akkelpur Upazila Health Complex,Joypurhat,Rajshahi +4. Alikadam Upazila Health Complex,Bandarban,Chittagong +5. Amtali Upazila Health Complex,Barguna,Barishal +6. Anwara Upazila Health Complex,Chittagong,Chittagong +7. Ashuganj Upazila Health Complex,Brahmanbaria,Chittagong +8. Assasuni Upazila Health Complex,Satkhira,khulna +9. Bagherpara Upazila Health Complex,Jashore,Khulna +10. Baniachong Upazila Health Complex,Habiganj,Sylhet +11. Banshkhali Upazila Health Complex,Chittagong,Chittagong +12. Baraigram Upazila Health Complex,Natore,Rajshahi +13. Barhatta Upazila Health Complex,Netrokona,Mymensingh +14. Belabo Upazila Health Complex,Narsingdi,Dhaka +15. Barlekha Upazila Health Complex,Moulavibazar,Sylhet +16. Belkuchi Upazila Health Complex,Sirajganj,Rajshahi +17. Bera Upazila Health Complex,Pabna,Rajshahi +18. Betagi Upazila Health Complex,Barguna,Barishal +19. Bhedarganj Upazila Health Complex,Shariatpur,Dhaka +20. Bhangura Upazila Health Complex,Pabna,Rajshahi +21. Bheramara Upazila Health Complex,Kustia,Khulna +22. Bhurungamari Upazila Health Complex,Kurigram,Rangpur +23. Birampur Upazila Health Complex,Dinajpur,Rangpur +24. Birganj Upazila Health Complex,Dinajpur,Rangpur +25. Birol Upazilla Health Complex,Dinajpur,Rangpur +26. Bishwanath Upazila Health Complex,Sylhet,Sylhet +27. Bochaganj Upazila Health Complex,Dinajpur,Rangpur +28. Boda Upazila Health Complex,Panchagarh,Rangpur +29. Borhanuddin Upazila Health Complex,Bhola,Barishal +30. Burichong Upazila Health Complex,Cumilla,Chittagong +31. Chaddagram Upazila Health Complex,Cumilla,Chittagong +32. Chakaria Upazila Health Complex,Cox's Bazar,Chittagong +33. Chandina Upazila Health Complex,Cumilla,Chittagong +34. Chatkhil Upazila Health Complex,Noakhali,Chittagong +35. Chatmohor Upazila Health Complex,Pabna,Rajshahi +36. Chhatak Upazila Health Complex,Sunamgonj,Sylhet +37. Charghat Upazila Health Complex,Rajshahi,Rajshahi +38. Charfession Upazila Health Complex,Bhola,Barishal +39. Chhagalnaya Upazila Health Complex,Feni,Chittagong +40. Chilmari Upazila Health Complex,Kurigram,Rangpur +41. Chirirbandar Upazila Health Complex,Dinajpur,Rangpur +42. Chowgacha Upazila Health Complex,Jeshore,Khulna +43. Chunarughat Upazila Health Complex,Habiganj,Sylhet +44. Companiganj Upazila Health Complex,Sylhet,Sylhet +45. Dacope Upazila Health Complex,Khulna,Khulna +46. Damurhuda Upazila Health Complex,Chuadanga,Khulna +47. Dashmina Upazila Health Complex,Patuakhali,Barishal +48. Daulatkhan Upazila Health Complex,Bhola,Barishal +49. Debhata Upazila Health Complex,Satkhira,Khulna +50. Debiganj Upazila Health Complex,Panchagarh,Rangpur +51. Derai Upazila Health Complex,Sunamganj,Sylhet +52. Dewanganj Upazila Health Complex,Jamalpur,Mymensingh +53. Dharmapasha Upazila Health Complex,Sunamganj,Sylhet +54. Dhubaura Upazila Health Complex,Mymensingh,Mymensingh +55. Dhunat Upazila Health Complex,Bogura,Rajshahi +56. Dhupchachia Upazila Health Complex,Bogura,Rajshahi +57. Dimla Upazila Health Complex,Nilphamari,Rangpur +58. Dighalia Upazila Health Complex,Khulna,Khulna +59. Dighinala Upazila Health Complex,Khagrachari,Chittagong +60. Domar Upazila Health Complex,Nilphamari,Rangpur +61. Dumuria Upazila Health Complex,Khulna,Khulna +62. Faridpur Upazila Health Complex,Pabna,Rajshahi +63. Fenchuganj Upazila Health Complex,Sylhet,Sylhet +64. Galachipa Upazila Health Complex,Patuakhali,Barishal +65. Ghatail Upazila Health Complex,Tangail,Dhaka +66. Godagari Upazila Health Complex,Rajshahi,Rajshahi +67. Gournadi Upazila Health Complex,Barishal,Barishal +68. Gowainghat Upazila Health Complex,Sylhet,Sylhet +69. Gurudashpur Upazila Health Complex,Natore,Rajshahi +70. Haimchar Upazila Health Complex,Chandpur,Chittagong +71. Haluaghat Upazila Health Complex,Mymensingh,Mymensingh +72. Harinakunda Upazila Health Complex,Jhenaidah,Khulna +73. Haripur Upazila Health Complex,Thakurgaon,Rangpur +74. Harirampur Upazila Health Complex,Manikganj,Dhaka +75. Hatibandha Upazila Health Complex,Lalmonirhat,Rangpur +76. Islampur upazila Health Complex,Jamalpur,Mymensingh +77. Iswardi Upazila Health Complex,Pabna,Rajshahi +78. Jaldhaka Upazila Health Complex,Nilphamari,Rangpur +79. Jhenaigati Upazila Health Complex,Sherpur,Mymensingh +80. Jhikargacha Upazila Health Complex,Jashore,Khulna +81. Kachua Upazila Health Complex,Bagerhat,Khulna +82. Kachua Upazila Health Complex,Chandpur,Chittagong +83. Kalai Upazila Health Complex,Joypurhat,Rajshahi +84. Kalapara Upazila Health Complex,Patuakhali,Barishal +85. Kalia Upazila Health Complex,Narail,Khulna +86. Kaliganj Upazila Health Complex,Gazipur,Dhaka +87. Kalihati Upazila Health Complex,Tangail,Dhaka +88. Kalukhali Upazila Health Complex,Rajbari,Dhaka +89. Kamalganj Upazila Health Complex,Moulavibazar,Sylhet +90. Kaptai Upazila Health Complex,Rangamati,Chittagong +91. Kashiani Upazila Health Complex,Gopalganj,Dhaka +92. Kathalia Upazila Health Complex,Jhalokathi,Barishal +93. Katiadi Upazila Health Complex,kishoreganj,Dhaka +94. Kazipur Upazila Health Complex,Sirajgonj,Rajshahi +95. Kawkhali Upazila Health Complex,Pirojpur,Barishal +96. Kawkhali Upazila Health Complex,Rangamati,Chittagong +97. Khaliajhuri Upazila Health Complex,Netrokona,Mymensingh +98. Khetlal Upazila Health Complex,Joypurhat,Rajshahi +99. kishoreganj Upazila Health Complex,Nilphamari,Rangpur +100.Kotalipara Upazila Health Complex,Gopalganj,Dhaka +101.Kotchandpur Upazila Health Complex,Jhenaidah,Khulna +102.Koyra Upazila Health Complex,Khulna,Khulna +103.Kaunia Upazila Health Complex,Rangpur,Rangpur +104.Kulaura Upazila Health Complex,Moulvibazar,Sylhet +105.Lakshmichari Upazila Health Complex,Khagrachari,Chittagong +106.Lakhai Upazila Health Complex,Habiganj,Sylhet +107.Lalmohan Upazila Health Complex,Bhola,Barishal +108.Lalpur Upazila Health Complex,Natore,Rajshahi +109.Lohagara Upazila Health Complex,Narail,Khulna +110.Manikchari Upazila Health Complex,Khagrachari,Chittagong +111.Mathbaria Upazila Health Complex,Pirojpur,Barishal +112.Matiranga Upazila Health Complex,Khagrachari,Chittagong +113.Matlab Daxin Upazila Health Complex,Chandpur,Chittagong +114.Mirpur Upazila Health Complex,Kushtia,Khulna +115.Mithamoin Upazila Health Complex,kishoreganj,Dhaka +116.Mithapukur Upazila Health Complex,Rangpur,Rangpur +117.Modhupur Upazila Health Complex,Tangail,Dhaka +118.Mohadevpur Upazila Health Complex,Naogaon,Rajshahi +119.Mohalchari Upazila Health Complex,Khagrachari,Chittagong +120.Mohammadpur Upazila Health Complex,Magura,Khulna +121.Mohanganj Upazila Health Complex,Netrokona,Mymensingh +122.Moheshkhali Upazila Health Complex,Cox's Bazar,Chittagong +123.Mongla Upazila Health Complex,Bagerhat,Khulna +124.Morrelganj Upazila Health Complex,Bagerhat,Khulna +125.Mujibnagar upazila health complex,Meherpur,Khulna +126.Mukshedpur Upazila Health Complex,Gopalganj,Dhaka +127.Muktagacha Upazila Health Complex,Mymensingh,Mymensingh +128.Muradnagar Upazila Health Complex,Cumilla,Chittagong +129.Nabinagar Upazila Health Complex,B. Baria,Chittagong +130.Nachol Upazila Health Complex,Chapai Nawabganj,Rajshahi +131.Naikhongchari Upazila Health Complex,Bandarban,Chittagong +132.Nakla Upazila Health Complex,Sherpur,Mymensingh +133.Nalchity Upazila Health Complex,Jhalokathi,Barishal +134.Nalitabari Upazila health Complex,Sherpur,Mymensingh +135.Nasirnagar Upazila Health Complex,Brahmanbaria,Chittagong +136.Nazirpur Upazila Health Complex,Pirojpur,Barishal +137.Niamatpur Upazila Health Complex,Naogaon,Rajshahi +138.Paikgacha Upazila Health Complex,Khulna,Khulna +139.Pakundia Upazila Health Complex,Kishoreganj,Dhaka +140.Panchari Upazila Health Complex,Khagrachari,Chittagong +141.Panchbibi Upazila Health Complex,Joypurhat,Rajshahi +142.Pangsha Upazila Health Complex,Rajbari,Dhaka +143.Parbatipur Upazila Health Complex,Dinajpur,Rangpur +144.Patharghata Upazila Health Complex,Barishal,Barishal +145.Patnitala Upazila Health complex,Naogaon,Rajshahi +146.Patgram Upazila Health Complex,Lalmonirhat,Rangpur +147.Parsuram Upazila Health Complex,Feni,Chittagong +148.Pirgacha Upazila Health Complex,Rangpur,Rangpur +149.Pirganj Upazila Health Complex,Rangpur,Rangpur +150.Pirganj Upazila Health Complex,Thakurgaon,Rangpur +151.Purbadhala Upazila Health Complex,Netrokona,Mymensingh +152.Raiganj Upazila Health Complex,Sirajgonj,Rajshahi +153.Raipura Upazila Health Complex,Narsingdi,Dhaka +154.Rajapur Upazila Health Complex,Jhalokathi,Barishal +155.Rajarhat Upazila Health Complex,Kurigram,Rangpur +156.Rajoir Upazila Health Complex,Madaripur,Dhaka +157.Ramgarh Upazila Health Complex,Khagrachari,Chittagong +158.Rampal Upazila Health Complex,Bagerhat,Khulna +159.Sadullapur Upazila Health Complex,Gaibandha,Rangpur +160.Sadarpur Upazila Health Complex,Faridpur,Dhaka +161.Saidpur Upazila Health Complex,Nilphamari,Rangpur +162.Saint Martin 20 Bed Hospital,Cox's Bazar,Chittagong +163.Santhia Upazila Health Complex,Pabna,Rajshahi +164.Sarail Upazila Health Complex,B. Baria,Chittagong +165.Sarankhola Upazila Health Complex,Bagerhat,Khulna +166.Shahzadpur Upazila Health Complex,Sirajganj,Rajshahi +167.Shajahanpur Upazila Health Complex,Bogura,Rajshahi +168.Sarsa Upazila Health Complex,Jessore,Khulna +169.Saturia Upazila Health Complex,Manikganj,Dhaka +170.Sherpur Upazila Health Complex,Bogura,Rajshahi +171.Shibalaya Upazila Health complex,Manikgonj,Dhaka +172.Shibchar Upazila Health Complex,Madaripur,Dhaka +173.Shibganj Upazila Health Complex,Chapai Nawabganj,Rajshahi +174.Sreemangal Upazila Health Complex,Moulavibazar,Sylhet +175.Shantiganj Upazila Health Complex,Sylhet,Sylhet +176.Shyamnagar Upazila Health Complex,Satkhira,Khulna +177.Singair Upazila Health Complex,Manikganj,Dhaka +178.Singra Upazila Health Complex,Natore,Rajshahi +179.Sonagazi Upazila Health Complex,Feni,Chittagong +180.Subarnachar Upazila Health Complex,Noakhali,Chittagong +181.Sundarganj Upazila Health Complex,Gaibandha,Rangpur +182.Tajumuddin Upazila Health Complex,Bhola,Barishal +183.Tala Upazila Health Complex,Sathkhira,Khulna +184.Tanore Upazila Health Complex,Rajshahi,Rajshahi +185.Tarail Upazila Health Complex,kishoreganj,Dhaka +186.Taraganj Upazila Health Complex,Rangpur,Rangpur +187.Tarash Upazila Health Complex,Sirajgonj,Rajshahi +188.Teknaf Upazila Health Complex,Cox's Bazar,Chittagong +189.Tetulia Upazila Health Complex,Panchagarh,Rangpur +190.Trishal Upazila Health Complex,Mymensingh,Mymensingh +191.Tungipara Upazila Health Complex,Gopalganj,Dhaka +192.Ukhia Upazila Health Complex,Cox's Bazar,Chittagong +193.Ulipur Upazila Health Complex,Kurigram,Rangpur +194.Zokiganj Upazila Health Complex,Sylhet,Sylhet + +**3\. 40 Centers Exclusively as Providers**: + +1. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Dhaka +2. National Institute of Diseases of the Chest & Hospital (NIDCH), Dhaka, Dhaka +3. National Institute Of Cancer Research And Hospital (NICRH), Dhaka, Dhaka +4. National Institute Of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD), Dhaka, Dhaka +5. National Institute of Kidney Disease and Urology (NIKDU), Dhaka, Dhaka +6. National Institute Of Neuro Science (NINS), Dhaka, Dhaka +7. National Institute Of Ophthalmology (NIO), Dhaka, Dhaka +8. National Institute of Traumatology and Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka, Dhaka +9. National Institute Of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka, Dhaka +10. National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka, Dhaka +11. National Gastroliver Institute & Hospital, Dhaka, Dhaka +12. Gopalganj Eye Hospital And Training Institute, Gopalganj, Dhaka +13. National Institute of ENT, Dhaka, Dhaka +14. Dhaka Medical College hospital, Dhaka, Dhaka, Dhaka +15. Sir Solimullah Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Dhaka +16. Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Dhaka +17. Mugda Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Dhaka +18. Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Mymensingh +19. Khulna Medical College Hospital, Khulna, Khulna +20. Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Rajshahi +21. Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barishal, Barishal +22. Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur, Rangpur +23. MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Sylhet +24. Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Chittagong +25. Cumilla Medical College Hospital, Cumilla, Chittagong +26. Colonel Malek Medical College Hospital, Manikgong, Dhaka +27. Bandarban District Hospital, Bandarban, Chittagong +28. Gaibandha District Hospital, Gaibandha, Rangpur +29. Gopalganj 250 bed General Hospital, Gopalganj, Dhaka +30. Lakshmipur District Hospital, Lakshmipur, Chittagong +31. Moulvibazar District Hospital, Moulvibazar, Sylhet +32. Naogaon District Hoispital, Naogaon, Rajshahi +33. Nilphamari District Hospital, Nilphamari, Rangpur +34. Patuakhali District Hospital, Patuakhali, Barishal +35. Satkhira District Hospital, Satkhira, Khulna +36. Tangail 250 Bed District Hospital, Tangail, Dhaka +37. Thakurgaon District Hospital, Thakurgaon, Rangpur +38. Sirajganj District Hospital, Sirajganj, Rajshahi +39. Chaddagram Upazila Health Complex, Cumilla, Chittagong +40. Management Information System (MIS), Dhaka, Dhaka + +- **Service Providers & Receivers**: + 1. **40** service providers. + 2. **194** service receivers. +- **Equipment**: Centers are furnished with telestethoscopes, teleECG, telemicroscopes, teleglucometers, advanced cameras, large screens, desktop computers, UPS, etc. (provided by MIS, DGHS). +- **Cost & Access**: Consultations with specialist doctors at any hospital are provided free of charge for patients at upazila health complexes or for referral cases. + +**Most Common Diseases Treated via Telemedicine** + +1. B86 Scabies +2. B354 Tinea corporis +3. B000 Eczema herpeticum +4. L70 Acne +5. L23 Allergic contact dermatitis +6. L089 Local infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue, unspecified +7. L20 Atopic dermatitis +8. H10 Conjunctivitis +9. L40 Psoriasis +10. M545 Low back pain +11. L01 Impetigo +12. L80 Vitiligo +13. L21 Seborrhoeic dermatitis +14. R51 Headache +15. B68 Taeniasis + +**Offered Services** + +1. **Teleconsultation** +2. **Mental Health Support** +3. **Health Information & Awareness** + +**Advantages** + +1. **Accessibility**: + - Connects rural patients with urban specialists. + - Reduces travel time and associated costs. +2. **Affordability**: + - Minimizes financial burden of in-person visits. + - Some services subsidized by government or NGOs. +3. **Efficiency**: + - Cuts down patient wait times. + - Streamlines follow-ups and chronic disease management. +4. **Crisis Response**: + - Instrumental during COVID-19 to lessen load on physical facilities. + +**Limitations & Challenges** + +1. **Awareness & Trust**: + - Low awareness among rural residents. + - Cultural skepticism toward online consultations. +2. **Healthcare Professional Training**: + - Insufficient training for telemedicine tools. + - Resistance from some providers to adopt digital methods. +3. **Regulatory & Policy Gaps**: + - Lack of clear telemedicine regulations and guidelines. + - Concerns about data privacy and security. +4. **Equipment Costs**: + - High initial setup expense for telemedicine platforms and diagnostics. + +**Future Prospects** + +1. **Government Vision**: + - Increased funding and partnerships for telemedicine infrastructure. +2. **Technology Integration**: + - AI-driven diagnostic support. + - Mobile apps for personalized healthcare management. +3. **Public-Private Partnerships**: + - Collaboration between government and private sector to scale services. +4. **Focused Training & Awareness**: + - Training programs for healthcare professionals. + - Awareness campaigns for local communities. +5. **International Collaborations**: + - Partnerships with global telemedicine providers for advanced solutions. \ No newline at end of file